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Peperomia ligustrina

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Magnoliids Order: Piperales Family: Piperaceae Genus: Peperomia

‘ala‘ala wai nui [alaala wai nui]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Fleshy herbs.

Stems: Stems several, ascending from a repent base, 10–15 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter toward base, branched above middle, internodes 0.5–3 cm long, with 3 small longitudinal ridges, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Whorled (2–3 per node). Blades oblong to narrowly elliptic or occasionally elliptic, 1–3 cm long, 0.4–0.9 cm wide. Apex obtuse. Base cuneate to attenuate. Upper surfaces glabrous or sparsely strigillose; lower surfaces sparsely strigillose or sometimes glabrous, green; lower surfaces paler, thin, drying chartaceous. Margins flat, ± ciliate toward apex. Palmately 3-veined, midrib prominent, lateral veins inconspicuous. Petioles 0.2–0.3(–0.5) cm long, narrowly winged, glabrous or strigillose. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in spikes 1 to few, terminal or axillary, 2–5 cm long, the rachis ca. 1–1.5 mm in diameter, glabrous, flowers moderately congested, peduncles 0.3–0.7(–1.5) cm long, glabrous. Flowers bisexual (perfect), perianth absent. Each flower subtended by a peltate bract. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 2. Ovary superior, broadly ovoid, 1-carpellate, 1-celled, apex oblique; ovules 1 per cell, orthotropous, erect; stigmas 1–4, subterminal.

Fruit: Fruit broadly ovoid; ca. 0.7–0.8 mm long; papillose–viscid with sessile glands. Seeds 1 per fruit; with scanty endosperm and copious; starchy perisperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring on rocks along and in streams; sometimes on wet cliffs.

Elevation Range: 420–890 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 426 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1029 (Mo, M, H); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:200 (O); St.John 12827 BISH (Mo†, 1932)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana District, Hana FR, Kawaipapa Stream. Vegetation: Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Broussaisia, Metrosideros, Syzygium, Clermontia, Dicranopteris, Spathodea, Salderia, Cibotium, Kadua, Isachne, Melicope Myrsine, Coprosma, Hedychium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Freycinetia, Pittosporum, Wikstroemia, Labordia, Diplopterygium, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Pipturus, Psidium, Arundina, Paspalum, Amauropelta, Cyclosorus, Pilea, Peperomia, Dubautia, Selaginella, Psychotria, Lobelia, Ageratina, Deschampsia, Lycopodiella, Belchnum, Adiantum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H111210 Maui BISH 11/14/2012
2 Peperomia ligustrina Pukoo In petrosis rivulorum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 108 Molokai BISH 5/1/1910
3 Peperomia ligustrina s hilo, piihonua, e mauna kea, kalohewahewa stream wet koa, ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1629 Hawaii BISH 12/19/1977
4 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, NE slope Haleakala, S fork of Kawaipapa Gulch Tr 12(24). wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-exotic grass and shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2924 Maui BISH 7/28/1980
5 Peperomia ligustrina E Ohia wet rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wiebke, H. Degener 3068 Molokai BISH 7/17/1928
6 Peperomia ligustrina pukoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 108 Pearl And Hermes Reef BISH 5/1/1910
7 Peperomia ligustrina Valley W of E Ohia Wet cliff. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3066 Molokai BISH 7/16/1928
8 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Valley, Palikea Stream. Vegetation: Acacia, Metrosideros, Chedendron, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Melicope, Clermontia, Pipturus, Myrsine, Coprosma, Kadua, Scaevola, Sadleria, Syzigium, Psychotria, Cibotium, Stenogyne, Athyrium, Diplazium, Dryopteris, Deschampsia, Carex, Selaginella, Rubus, Amauropelta, Nothoperanema, Mecodium, Vandenboschia, Christella, Machaerina, Adiantum, Clidemia, Hedychium. On rocky ledges along streams. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H50910 Maui BISH 5/11/2009
9 Peperomia ligustrina West Maui, Waihee, Mt. Eke on wet stones in stream bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2624 Maui BISH 7/2/1927
10 Peperomia ligustrina valley w of e ohia partial shade PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3066 Oahu BISH 7/16/1928
11 Peperomia ligustrina Kohala, above Honokana nui Stream with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Machaerina, Styphelia, Carex, Calamagrostis, Oreobolus, Dichanthelium, Stenogyne, Myrsine, Rhynchospora PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 4622 Hawaii BISH 2/28/1995
12 Peperomia ligustrina kipahulu stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1704.m Maui BISH 11/22/1919
13 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, vicinity of Oopuola Stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2628 Maui BISH 8/7/1927
14 Peperomia ligustrina waikamoi More-or-less open scrubby Metrosideros ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 10375 Oahu BISH 5/1/1911
15 Peperomia ligustrina east maui, vicinity of oopuola stream On mossy tree trunk. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 2628 Oahu BISH 8/7/1927
16 Peperomia ligustrina kohala, above honokana nui stream with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Machaerina, Styphelia, Carex, Calamagrostis, Oreobolus, Dichanthelium, Stenogyne, Myrsine, Rhynchospora PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. perlman, s. collector number: 4622 Hawaii BISH 2/28/1995
17 Peperomia ligustrina east maui, hana district, n waihoi valley waterfall plunge pools, in crevices PRESERVED_SPECIMEN harrison, b. herbst, d.r. collector number: 2577 Maui BISH 7/21/1972
18 Peperomia ligustrina n hilo, honohina, e mauna kea, between e and w forks of nanue stream wet koa, ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, treefern; ~vertical stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1567 Hawaii BISH 11/28/1977
19 Peperomia ligustrina punaula valley on ground, shade PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. fosberg, f.r. collector number: 12827 Molokai BISH 12/1/1932
20 Peperomia ligustrina mapulehu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 302 mo Molokai BISH 7/1/1912
21 Peperomia ligustrina s hilo, paukaa, e mauna kea, ridge between honolii and pohakupaa stream wet koa, ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1407 Hawaii BISH 9/13/1977
22 Peperomia ligustrina west maui, waihee, mt. eke on wet stones in stream bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 2624 Maui BISH 7/2/1927
23 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana District, Hanawai NAR, Kopili`ula Stream. Growing near mean water level along perennial stream, but undoubtedly submerged during high storm-water episodes. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Acacia, Tetraplassandra, Pritchardia, Scaevola, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Clermontia, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Cibotium, Vaccinium, Sadleria. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H71008 Maui BISH 7/12/2010
24 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 10375 F 5/10/1911
25 Peperomia ligustrina honaunau mts. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hitchcock, a.s. collector number: 14574 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1916
26 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 2624 F 7/2/1927
27 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 3066 F 7/16/1928
28 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. wiebke 3071 F 7/20/1928
29 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. F. Rock 10375 F 5/1/1911
30 Peperomia ligustrina Maui - Iles Sandwich. Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN R??my, E. J. G
31 Peperomia ligustrina Molokai - Insula Molokai, in petrosis rivulorum Pukoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, U. J. G
32 Peperomia ligustrina Maui - Maui, Makawao, alt. 700 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, U. J. G
33 Peperomia ligustrina Maui - Maui, Yaovalley in lacunis secus torrentes PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, U. J. G
34 Peperomia ligustrina iles sandwich. maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. j. rémy 184 GH
35 Peperomia ligustrina near mt. eke hyway of waihee, west maui On wet stones in streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 2624 GH 7/2/1927
36 Peperomia ligustrina west maui: trail up nw slopes of puu kukui Ocasional PRESERVED_SPECIMEN m. r. crosby & w. r. anderson 1875 GH
37 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN urbain jean faurie; b.1847; d.1915; faurie 108 GSW 5/9/1910
38 Peperomia ligustrina kaala, makaha. 4000 feet. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. p. rogers s.n. ILLS 11/17/1946
39 Peperomia ligustrina west - maui: sandwich i. [kaanapali]. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. s.n. MEL
40 Peperomia ligustrina at end of hanalilolilo pipeline. extremely rare. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener|henry wiebke degener 2843 MO 4/24/1928
41 Peperomia ligustrina near mt. eke by way of waihee, west maui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener|henry wiebke degener 2624 MO 7/2/1927
42 Peperomia ligustrina west branches of mapulehu valley, molokai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. wiebke 3071 MO 7/20/1928
43 Peperomia ligustrina west branches of mapulehu valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henry wiebke wiebke 3071 MO 7/20/1928
44 Peperomia ligustrina west branches of mapulehu valley, molokai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3071 NY 7/23/1928
45 Peperomia ligustrina southeast of pepeopae. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener|henry wiebke degener 2873 NY 5/9/1928
46 Peperomia ligustrina E. Maui, Kipahulu Valley, Palikea Stream, Delta Camp region. Acacia-Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with sections of Dicranopteris fernland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 13723 Maui PTBG 5/11/2009
47 Peperomia ligustrina east maui, t.h. vicinity of oopuola stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener|henry wiebke degener 2628 NYS 7/7/1927
48 Peperomia ligustrina near mt. elke by way of waihee, west maui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 2624 PH 7/2/1927
49 Peperomia ligustrina Kawaipapa stream, along stream on wet cliff walls, above Nahiku- Hana area Metrosideros- Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23497 Maui PTBG 6/4/2013
50 Peperomia ligustrina HAWAII: S.Kona District; Kohala Mts.; above Honokana nui Stream; east of USGS trail. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron Mon- tane Wet Forest & Metrosideros-Machaerina Montane Bogs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4822 Hawaii PTBG 11/29/1995
51 Peperomia ligustrina E. Maui, Hanawi NAR, Kopiliula Stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H71008 Maui PTBG 7/12/2010
52 Peperomia ligustrina Kawaipapa stream, along stream on wet cliff walls, above Nahiku- Hana area Metrosideros- Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23385 Maui PTBG 4/11/2013
53 Peperomia ligustrina MAUI: E. Maui, Hana District; Haleakala National Park; Palikea drainage; helicopter drop at Delta LZ; Elev. 2920-3050 Acacia koa- Metrosideros polymorpha Montane Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3224 Maui PTBG 5/20/1994
54 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Kawaipapa drainage basin. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H41321 Maui PTBG 4/23/2013
55 Peperomia ligustrina Kawaipapa stream, along stream on wet cliff walls, above Nahiku- Hana area Metrosideros- Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23133 Maui PTBG 11/14/2012
56 Peperomia ligustrina E. Maui, Kipahulu Valley, Palikea Stream, Fern Camp region. Acacia-Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with sections of Dicranopteris fernland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 13745 Maui PTBG 5/13/2009
57 Peperomia ligustrina Near Mt. Eke by way of Waihee, W Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Wiebke, H. 2624 Maui US 7/2/2027
58 Peperomia ligustrina near mt. eke by way of wihee, west maui On wet stones in streambeds. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, otto; wiebke, henry 2624 CAS 7/10/1927
59 Peperomia ligustrina W branch, Mapulehu Valley, streambed shaded rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wiebke, H. Degener 3071 Molokai BISH 7/20/1928
60 Peperomia ligustrina West branches of Mapulehu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3071 Molokai US 7/23/2028
61 Peperomia ligustrina honaunau, mountains e of PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14574 Hawaii US 9/4/1916
62 Peperomia ligustrina Honaunau, mountains E of PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14574 Hawaii US 9/4/2016
63 Peperomia ligustrina near mt. eke by way of waihee, w maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 2624 Maui US 7/2/1927
64 Peperomia ligustrina Waikamoi streambed, submerged PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 10375 Maui US 5/11/2020
65 Peperomia ligustrina waikamoi streambed, submerged PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 10375 Kauai US
66 Peperomia ligustrina oopuola stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. wiebke & o. degener 2628 Maui US
67 Peperomia ligustrina vicinity of oopuola stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 2628 YPM 7/7/1927
68 Peperomia ligustrina west branches of mapulehu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3071 Molokai US 7/23/1928
69 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana District, N Waihoi Valley waterfall plunge pools, in crevices PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harrison, B. 2577 Maui BISH 7/21/1972
70 Peperomia ligustrina e ohia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wiebke, h. collector number: degener 3068 BISH 7/17/1928
71 Peperomia ligustrina s hilo, papaikou, e mauna kea, hanawi stream wet koa, ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, treefern, matted ferns; rocky stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1503 Hawaii BISH 10/19/1977
72 Peperomia ligustrina stream bed of wai-kamoi on rocks, submerged PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 10375 GH 5/8/1911
73 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN O. Degener & H. Wiebke 2624 F 7/2/1927
74 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. Wiebke 3071 F 7/20/1928
75 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi Natural Area Reserve, Kuhiwa Valley. Rare, one to a few plants occasional in riparian areas. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest, with Asplenium, Adiantum, Dryopteris, Vandenboschia, Diparia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H41306 Maui BISH 4/10/2013
76 Peperomia ligustrina West Maui, Wailuku District, West Maui Natural Area Reserve, Kahakuloa Section, western Kahakuloa Stream headwaters. On ledge at base of small waterfall. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Melicope, Coprosma, Kadua, Broussaisia, Dubautia, Pipturus, Tochardia, Urera, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Cibotium, Sadleria, Diplazium, Athyrium, Cyclosorus, Smilax, Carex, Astelia, Deparia, Eragrostis, Peperomia, Pilea, Deschampsia, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H111305 Maui BISH 11/6/2013
77 Peperomia ligustrina S Hilo, Paukaa, E Mauna Kea, ridge between Honolii and Pohakupaa Stream. Tr. 21(111) Wet koa-`ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1407 Hawaii BISH 9/13/1977
78 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana District, Kawaipapa drainage basin. Along perennial stream on wet banks and waterfalls. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Kadua, Coprosma, Pipturus, Cibotium, Sadleria, Labordia, Dryopteris, Diplazium, Asplenium, Isachne, Deschampsia, Pilea, Peperomia, Blechnum, Adiatum, Selaginella, Psidium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Rubus, Axonopus, Sacciolepis, Hedychium, Paspalum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H141321 Maui BISH 4/23/2013
79 Peperomia ligustrina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN O. Degener & H. Wiebke 3066 F 7/16/1928
80 Peperomia ligustrina S Hilo, Papaikou, E Mauna Kea, Hanawi Stream wet koa, ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, treefern, matted ferns; rocky stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1503 Hawaii BISH 10/19/1977
81 Peperomia ligustrina Mapulehu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 302 Mo Molokai BISH 7/1/1912
82 Peperomia ligustrina east maui, hana forest reserve, ne haleakala, s fork of kawaipapa gulch wet ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, exotic grass and shrub PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 2924 Maui BISH 6/28/1980
83 Peperomia ligustrina N Hilo, Honohina, E Mauna Kea, between E and W forks of Nanue Stream wet koa, ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, treefern; ~vertical stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1567 Hawaii BISH 11/28/1977
84 Peperomia ligustrina Waikamoi stream bed, on rocks, submerged PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 10375 Maui BISH 5/1/1911
85 Peperomia ligustrina Hana District. Kawaipapa stream, along stream on wet cliff walls, above Nahiku-Hana area Metrosideros-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest with Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 23385 Maui BISH 4/11/2013
86 Peperomia ligustrina Kipahulu Stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1704.M Maui BISH 11/22/1919
87 Peperomia ligustrina maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN remy, m.j. collector number: 184 Maui BISH 1851-01-01
88 Peperomia ligustrina Honaunau Mts. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A.S. 14574 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1916
89 Peperomia ligustrina Maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M.J. 184 Maui BISH 1/24/1905
90 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana District, eastern Kawaipapa Drainage Basin. Along perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest with Cheirodendron, Melcope, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Clermontia, Cibotium, Ilex, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Wikstroemia, Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Amauropelta, Clidemia, Hedychium, Tibouchina, Machaerina, Isachne, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Pipturus, Paspalum, Axonopus, Cyperus, Juncus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H61305 Maui BISH 6/4/2013
91 Peperomia ligustrina S Hilo, Piihonua, E Mauna Kea, Kalohewahewa Stream wet koa, ohia forest with native trees and shrubs, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1629 Hawaii BISH 12/19/1977
92 Peperomia ligustrina East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, NE slope Haleakala, S fork of Kawaipapa Gulch Tr 12(24). wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-exotic grass and shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2924 Maui BISH 6/28/1980
93 Peperomia ligustrina w branch, mapulehu valley, streambed shaded rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wiebke, h. collector number: degener 3071 Molokai BISH 7/20/1928
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